- Baas Becking Geobiological Laboratory (c. 1968 - c. 1985)
- Babcock Australia Limited (c. 1980 - c. 1990)
- Bacchus Marsh Concentrated Milk Company (1890 - )
- Badocol Pty Ltd
- Bairnsdale School of Mines (1880s - )
- Baker and Rouse Australia Laboratory (1894 - 1908)
- Baker Medical Research Institute (1926 - )
- Ballarat Astronomical Society (1958 - )
- Ballarat Base Hospital (1850s - )
- Ballarat Base Hospital Former Trainees Association (1929 - 1930)
- Ballarat Base Hospital Trained Nurses League (1930 - )
- Ballarat Meat Preserving Company (1860s - )
- Ballarat Municipal Observatory (1886 - )
- Ballarat Pastoral and Agricultural Society (1850s - 1873)
- Ballarat School of Mines (1871 - c. 1976)
- Ballarat Woollen Company
- BALM - see British Australian Lead Manufacturers Pty Ltd (1918 - 1955)
- BALM Paints Limited (1964 - 1971)
- BALM Paints Pty Ltd (1955 - 1964)
- Barker's Textiles
- Barnet Glass and Rubber Company Ltd (1890s - 1941)
- Barracks Technologies
- Barretts Aerated Waters (1870s - )
- Barwon Mill
- BASF
- BASF Australia Ltd (1964 - )
- Bates, Smart and McCutcheon Pty Ltd (1852 - )
- Bayswater Power Station
- Beale and Co
- Beasley Industries Pty Ltd (1938 - )
- Beaurepaire Tyre Service (? - 1934)
- Beetle Elliott Limited (1944 - 1956)
- Bendex Corporation
- Bendigo Base Hospital Trained Nurses' League (1928 - )
- Bendigo School of Mines (1873 - )
- Berger Paints (1911 - )
- Berlei Ltd
- Bernard O'Brien Institute of Microsurgery
- Berry Agricultural Association (c. 1890 - c. 1932)
- Bethlehem International Engineering Corporation (? - 1986)
- Bethlehem Steel Corporation ( - 2001)
- BF Goodrich - CSRC
- BF Goodrich (1870 - )
- BF Goodrich Chemical Ltd (1960 - c. 1990)
- BGS Medical Corporation (1972 - )
- BHP Billiton Limited (2001 - )
- BHP Limited (2000 - 2001)
- BHP Melbourne Research Laboratories (c. 1960 - )
- BHP Shortland Laboratories (1956 - )
- BHP Steel International
- BHP Steel International, Coated Products Division (1979 - )
- BHP Steel International, Long Products Division
- BHP Steel International, Rod and Bar Division (c. 1915 - c. 1999)
- BHP Steel International, Slab and Plate Division (1985 - )
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Unit (1965 - 1982), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
- Bio-chemistry Department (1927 - 1965), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
- Biological and Chemical Research Institute (1970 - 1992), State of New South Wales
- Biomedical Multimedia Unit, The University of Melbourne
- Biotechnology Australia Pty Ltd
- Birds Australia (1990s - )
- Birds Eye (Aust) Ltd (1947 - )
- Bitumen Oil Refineries (Australia) Limited (1946 - 1963)
- Bleriot XI
- BOC Gases Australia Limited (1994 - )
- Bonaire Pyrox
- Bonds Coats Patons Ltd (1970 - 1988?)
- Bonds Industries Limited (1930 - 1970)
- BORAL - see Bitumen Oil Refineries (Australia) Limited (1946 - 1963)
- Boral Limited (1963 - )
- Borg-Warner (Australia) Limited (1958 - )
- Bornhorst & Ward Pty Ltd (1967 - )
- Botany Meat Preserving Company (1875 - )
- Botany Petrochemical Complex (1960s - )
- Bougainville Copper Ltd (1967 - 1970s)
- Bowater Paper Company (1919 - )
- Bowater-Scott Ltd (1960? - )
- BP Australia Pty Ltd (1920 - )
- BP Solar (2000 - )
- BP Solar Australia Pty Ltd (c. 1974 - )
- BP Solarex (1999 - c. 2000)
- Bradford Cotton Group (1900s - )
- Bradford Cotton Mills (1927 - )
- Brain Research Institute (1996 - )
- Brain Sciences Institute (BSI) (1994 - ), Swinburne University of Technology
- Brambles Industries Limited (1954 - )
- Brambles Transport Company
- Bread Research Institute of Australia Limited (1947 - )
- BRI Australia Limited
- Bridgestone Australia
- Brims Wood Panels Pty. Ltd. - see D. G. Brims and Sons Pty Ltd (1915 - )
- Brisbane Techncal College (1882 - 1908)
- British Australian Lead Manufacturers Pty Ltd (1918 - 1955)
- British Australian Wool Realisation Association (BAWRA) (1921 - 1932)
- British Tube Mills (Aust) Pty Ltd (1938 - )
- Broken Hill Associated Smelters Pty Ltd (BHAS) (1915 - )
- Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited (1885 - 2000)
- Broken Hill South Ltd (1885 - 1972)
- Bruck Mills (Australia) Ltd (1946 - 1970s)
- Built Environment Research Group, Deakin University
- Bureau of Meteorology - see Commonwealth Bureau of Meteorology (1955 - ), Commonwealth of Australia
- Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre (BMRC) (1985 - ), Commonwealth Bureau of Meteorology
- Bureau of Mineral Resources (1946 - 1992), Commonwealth of Australia
- Bureau of Resource Sciences (1992 - 1998)
- Bureau of Rural Sciences (1998 - )
- Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations (1900 - )
- Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics (1988 - 1998?), Commonwealth of Australia
- Bureau of Transport Economics [I] (1970 - 1977), Commonwealth of Australia
- Bureau of Transport Economics [II] (1977 - 1988), Commonwealth of Australia
- Bureau of Transport Economics [III] (1998? - ), Commonwealth of Australia
- Burnet Clinical Research Unit - see Clinical Research Unit (1945 - 1996), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
- Burnet Institute - see Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health (c. 2000 - )
- Burnet Institute, Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Research (CEPHR)
- Burnet Institute, Centre for Harm Reduction
- Burnet Institute, Centre for International Health (1992 - )
- Burnley Campus (1983? - 1997), Victorian College of Agriculture and Horticulture
- Burnley College (1997 - ), The University of Melbourne
- Burnley School of Horticulture (1891 - 1983?)
- Burston and Company (1870s - )
- Bushfire Cooperative Research Centre - see Bushfire CRC (2003 - )
- Bushfire CRC (2003 - )
- BWN Vortoil Pty Ltd
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