An organisation established in 1957 to promote rights and opportunities for Aboriginal people in Victoria. In response to the prevailing assimilation policies of the day, the 'League' promoted a form of Aboriginal integration which would build stronger Aboriginal communities and promote Aboriginal representation and self-organisation. Its members were predominantly white professional or white-collar workers, and many were Protestant Christians or Jews. The League's members offered practical assistance to Aboriginal Victorians on matters such as employment, scholarships, housing, etc. A dynamic and influential pressure group and welfare body, the League contributed to the establishment of the Federal Council for Aboriginal Advancement (later renamed the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, or FCAATSI), as well as the 1967 Referendum on federal control of Aboriginal affairs.

The League was established by members of the Melbourne-based 'Save the Aborigines Committee' following the controversy about substandard living conditions among Aboriginal people at the Warburton Ranges Mission in Western Australia. In 1960, the Victorian branch of the League had approximately twenty branches in Melbourne suburbs and surrounding country towns.

The League worked closely with and through the Aboriginal Welfare Board, and published a periodical entitled Smoke Signals.

Diane Elizabeth Barwick worked closely with Pastor Stan Davey and Pastor Doug Nicholls, both prominent in the League, for her PhD research in 1960-63.